Mr. Chairman, Members of the Committee, I am pleased to appear before you today to discuss the Office of Science and Technology Policy's (OSTP) budget request for Fiscal Year 2000.

I very much welcome, and am encouraged by the current efforts in Congress in support of science and technology (S&T) funding. As you know, funding for S&T, like funding for education, is a high leverage investment in our continued quest for peace and prosperity. Support for such investments has traditionally been a matter of bipartisan agreement. It is imperative that we build common ground in support of a shared vision -- a commitment to keep America the world's leader in S&T.

As we approach the turn of the century, it seems appropriate to take stock of the Nation's S&T enterprise, and to look to the future -- to the opportunities that lie ahead as well as the challenges that we face. The Information Age, driven by rapidly advancing S&T, is bringing changes to our society that are only beginning to unfold. Already, new communications technologies are transforming the way we work, where we work, and what we need to know to be successful in tomorrow's competitive environment. Six years ago, "Internet" was still a word known mostly to those in S&T. Today, this offspring of federal research activities is the backbone of a new industry and a window to a tremendous world of information for all segments of our society, from business executives to school children.

The rapid economic growth of other nations means a future with greatly expanded markets for U.S. goods and services. Our ability to move our ideas, our goods, and ourselves swiftly to any place on the planet, with the help of new technologies, enhances our ability to share in the growth of global wealth. On the other hand, the increasing availability of these same capabilities throughout the world also means greater competition; it means increasing pressures on our shared environment, health, and natural resources; and it means more diverse dangers to our security from threats such as terrorism and the spread of nuclear and other materials of mass destruction.

DRIVING ECONOMIC GROWTH AND IMPROVING QUALITY OF LIFE

Sustaining U.S. leadership in science and technology has been a cornerstone of President Clinton's economic and national security strategy. Investments in science and technology -- both public and private -- have driven economic growth and improvements in the quality of life in America for the last 200 years. They have generated new knowledge and new industries, created new jobs, ensured economic and national security, reduced pollution and increased energy efficiency, provided better and safer transportation, improved medical care, and increased living standards for the American people.

Our economy has never been more driven by science and technology than it is today. Over the past three years, information technology (IT) alone has accounted for more than one-third of America's economic growth. More than 7.4 million American's work in IT today -- and those jobs pay, on average, sixty percent higher than the average job. Alan Greenspan recently stated that rapid technological change has greatly contributed to eight years of record peacetime expansion, and is one of the forces producing what he called "America's sparkling economic performance."

Investments in research and development are among the highest-payback investments a Nation can make. Over the past 50 years technological innovation has been responsible for as much as half of the nation's growth in productivity.

We see the fruits of this innovation every day. Many of the products and services we have come to depend on for our way of life in America -- lasers, computers, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), teflon and other advanced materials and composites, communications satellites, jet aircraft, microwave ovens, solar-electric cells, modems, semiconductors, storm windows, human insulin, and others -- are the product of U.S. science support and technology policies.

These innovations also mean jobs and economic prosperity for America. They've built some of these key industries:

Computers and Communications: A creative partnership among the Federal agencies, industry, and academia led to what has become the Internet, the backbone of a global electronic communication system. The Internet has driven the evolution of a $590 billion domestic telecommunications and information technology industry, which supports millions of high-paying American jobs. In just the past 10 years, American employment in the computer and software industries has almost tripled. Market capitalization of the top five companies alone is over $600 billion.

Biotechnology: Discoveries in biology, food science, agriculture, genetics, and drugs upon which the private sector has been able to build and expand a world-class industry today support $13.4 billion in annual sales and more than 150,000 American jobs.

Aerospace: Aerospace leads all other industry sectors in net exports. The latest figures show the U. S. Aircraft industry shipped nearly $40 billion worth of commercial aircraft and employed more than half a million people.

Environmental Technologies: Almost unheard-of 10 years ago, more than 30,000 environmental technology and services businesses employ over 1.3 million Americans in high-growth, high-wage jobs. The environmental technology industry has annual sales over $186 billion, a number that is expected to grow to $214 billion by the year 2002.

Energy Efficiency: Technology advances, developed in part through public-private partnerships, have cut refrigerator energy consumption from 1900 kWh/year in 1974 to an average today of less than 650 kWh/year, reducing consumer electricity costs by $100/year per refrigerator. A partnership with the glass industry led to the development of the oxygen-fueled glass furnace, which in just 8 years has captured 30% of U.S. glass production and provides annual net energy savings of $11 million. Geothermal heat pumps (GHP) reduce energy consumption by 63-72% compared to electric resistance heaters/standard air conditioners. Some 400,000 GHPs are now in use in the U.S., with estimated annual savings of $120 million to $160 million.

Every one of these industries has been built on federal investments in R&D, and they are not isolated occurrences. From satellites, to software, to superconductivity the government has supported -- and must continue to support -- exploratory research, experimentation and innovation that would be difficult, if not impossible, for individual companies or even whole industries to afford.

Recent Advances in Science and Technology

Over the past year there have been numerous scientific and technological advances, reminding us of how much there is yet to know, and of the potential of S&T to further enrich and improve our lives. It is important to note that federal funding was a key to virtually all of the scientific breakthroughs of 1998, which included:

• The accelerating universe — evidence of a rapidly expanding universe and the resurrection of Einstein's "cosmological constant", has transformed our view of the universe and posed fundamental new questions for physics.

• Detailed workings of the cellular clock — a number of discoveries revealed the remarkable universality of the clock workings: across the tree of life, from bacteria to humans, clocks use oscillating levels of proteins in feedback loops to keep time. Even more remarkable, fruit flies and mice -- separated by 700 million years of evolution -- share the very same timekeeping proteins. By understanding the clock better, scientists can now begin to manipulate it, working on curing jet lag to brightening winter depression.

• Analyzing and comparing whole genomes — researchers for the first time finshed a complete sequence of a multicellular organism, as well as several feared microbes, bringing the total number of fully sequenced genomes to nearly two dozen. This year's newly completed microbrial genomes include those of some of humankind's worst enemies: the bugs for syphilis, tuberculosis, and typhus, as well as a Chlamydia, which causes venereal disease and blindness. The genomes reveal proteins unique to these pathogens, molecules that may be targets for drug or vaccine development.

• A new look at space — this year scientists provided the first image of a planet outside our solar system; evidence of ice on the moon; measurements of the largest explosion since the Big Bang; detailed study of Mars; and images of sun quakes and matter being consumed by black holes.

• New insight into the nervous system — a landmark discovery reveals for the first time physical characterization of the membrane protein responsible for the selective movement of potassium into and out of cells. This finding provides new insight into understanding the workings of the nervous system.

• Evidence that neutrinos have mass — research showed that the subatomic particles known as neutrinos, long assumed to lack both charge and mass, do indeed have mass.

• Quantum teleportation — physicists boldly went where no one has gone before, turning teleportation at the quantum level into lab reality by teleporting quantum information from the nucleus of a carbon atom to that of a neighboring hydrogen atom. This transmission of information between ions lies at the heart of quantum computing, which offers the prospect of lightning-fast, superparallel calculations.

• Microchips make advances — researchers created a DNA-processing micromachine which may one day be able to sequence DNA. Researchers also developed a biochip that can screen a blood sample for cancer cells, bacteria, or other cell types and remove their DNA for analysis. Researchers are also using DNA chips themselves, where arrays of immobilized DNA snippets are used to search out small genetic variations in genes or to detect RNA messages from the genes turned on in cells. Such chips could one day screen for genetic disease.

• Cancer prevention and treatment — the war against cancer goes on, but physicians now have a few new weapons to fight with. Tamoxifen, an estrogen-like molecule, already in use as a breast cancer treatment, won approval for prevention in high-risk women, and researchers announced that the antibody Herceptin significantly slows the growth of metastatic breast cancer.

• Infections and autoimmune disorders — scientists convincingly linked infections and autoimmune disorders, paving the way to better understanding and treatment of diseases such as diabetes and multiple sclerosis.

• Hydrogen -- scientists developed a device to turn water and sunlight into hydrogen. This simple new device holds great promise for producing a non-polluting fuel to run internal combustion engines. Fuel cells using hydrogen can be used to power vehicles, and provide heat and electricity for commercial and residential buildings.

PRESIDENT CLINTON'S FY 2000 R&D BUDGET

The President and the Vice President remain unwavering in their support for science and technology as crucial investments in our future. They maintain that such investments enable our nation to compete aggressively in the global marketplace, protect our environment and manage our natural resources in a sustainable manner, safeguard our national security from emerging threats, and spur the technological innovation that has contributed so much to our economic prosperity and quality of life. They have brought the budget into balance. They have increased the investment in science and technology. We all, but especially our children and our grandchildren, will reap the rewards.

President Clinton has submitted a balanced budget request to Congress for FY 2000. Despite the tight constraint on discretionary spending, FY 2000 is the seventh year in a row that the President has proposed increased investments in civilian research and development -- to a total of $39.8 billion. Civilian R&D now constitutes 51% of the overall R&D budget of $78.2 billion.

The FY 2000 budget continues the important R&D trends established by this Administration. It boosts funding for basic research to $18.2 billion, an increase of 4.2% ($727 million) over FY 1999. The budget also strengthens university-based research, which increases by $353 million, and reflects an effort to reestablish an optimum balance between health care research and other scientific disciplines.

The 21st Century Research Fund continues to be the centerpiece of the President's R&D investment strategy. This year the Research Fund includes DOD basic and applied research programs, further evidence of the Administration's commitment to effective integration of the Nation's university-based research portfolio. The $38 billion Research Fund grows by 3% in FY 2000 and provides for overall stability and for growth in the highest priority research programs.

The proposed R&D investments will enable the S&T agencies to achieve the President's goals for science and technology: promote long-term economic growth that creates high-wage jobs; sustain a healthy, educated citizenry; harness information technology; improve environmental quality; enhance national security and global stability; and maintain world leadership in science, engineering, and mathematics. For example:

• National Institutes of Health (NIH). Keeping pace with the Administration's ambitious goal last year for progress in biomedical research, the budget includes a 2% ($320 million) increase. These investments will allow continued progress on diabetes, brain disorders, cancer, genetic medicine, disease prevention strategies, and development of an AIDS vaccine.

• National Science Foundation (NSF). The budget provides $3.92 billion (a 7% increase) for NSF's broad base of support to all fields of scientific study. The budget provides $146 million for NSF to lead the Administration's Information Technology in the 21st Century (IT²) initiative and also increases funding for biocomplexity research on biological, physical, chemical, and social interactions in Earth's ecosystems.

• Department of Energy (DOE). The budget provides $2.84 billion (a 6% increase) for basic science programs at DOE. The budget includes resources for basic research as well as continued support for construction and operation of large scientific user facilities, including the Spallation Neutron Source. DOE's participation in IT² ($70M in FY 2000) will help to accelerate scientific discovery and research.

• Department of Defense (DOD). The budget provides $1.1 billion in basic research, $3 billion in applied research, and $3.3 billion in advanced technology development. Research on counter-terrorism and on improvements in the safety and security of the Nation's physical infrastructure and information and communications systems receives a targeted increase.

• National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The budget provides $2.48 billion for the International Space Station (an 8% increase). NASA's budget also includes $2.2 billion for Space Science (a 4% increase over FY 1999); and $1.46 billion for Earth Science (a 3% increase).

• Department of Agriculture (USDA). The budget provides a 3.5% increase, $837 million, for the Agricultural Research Service. The Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service National Research Initiative -- which provides competitive grants in areas of national concern such as food safety, the environment, plant and animal research, and human nutrition -- receives a 68% increase to a total of $200 million. Funding for the Forest Service increases 19% to $235 million in support of ecosystem and global change research.

• Department of Commerce (DOC). The budget includes $918 million in the 21st Century Research Fund at DOC. It provides $239 million (an 18% increase) for NIST's Advanced Technology Program to promote unique, rigorously competitive, cost-shared R&D partnerships. It also provides $283 million to NOAA for research to support decisionmaking on climate change, air quality, and ozone depletion.

• Department of the Interior (DOI). The budget provides $838 million (a 5% increase) to USGS for science that supports national resource and environmental decisionmaking. The budget also supports research and technical assistance on the scientific needs of land managers and local land use planners.

The budget increases investment in national priorities requiring multi-agency investments. For example:

• High Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC) and the Information Technology Initiative (IT²). The budget provides a total of $1.8 billion for these programs. IT2, which responds to the recommendations of the President's Information Technology Advisory Committee to increase funding for fundamental, long-term research, advanced applications, and research on the economic and social implications of information technology, is funded at $366 million (a 28% increase) in FY 2000.

• Climate Change Technology Initiative. The budget provides a 34% increase for this initiative, which includes $1.4 billion in R&D on energy efficiency, renewable energy, carbon sequestration, and improvements in nuclear and fossil technologies. The initiative also provides $400 million in tax credits to stimulate adoption of energy efficiency technologies.

• U.S. Global Change Research Program. The budget provides $1.8 billion (a 6% increase) to observe, understand, predict, and assess the state of the Earth and how it changes in response to natural and human-induced forces.

• Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV). The budget provides $264 million (a 10% increase) for this cost-shared, industry partnership. PNGV aims to develop affordable cars that achieve up to three times the fuel economy of comparable vehicles and meet all applicable emission and safety standards.

• Education Research Initiative. The budget provides $50 million ($25 million at NSF and $25 million at ED) to support large-scale, interdisciplinary research in three key areas: school readiness for learning reading and mathematics; K-3 learning in reading and mathematics; and education of PreK-12 teachers in mathematics, reading, and science.

The budget provides $2.4 billion to extend the Research and Experimentation (R&E) tax credit until June 30, 2000. The R&E credit helps stimulate additional private sector investment in research and development which encourages technological advancement, leading to higher productivity, and helping to generate new American jobs.
 
 

THE OSTP MISSION

In support of our Nation's science and technology priorities, OSTP has two primary responsibilities: advising the President on S&T; and providing leadership and coordination for our government's role in the national S&T enterprise.

In the 1950's, in response to Soviet advances, highlighted by the launch of Sputnik, President Eisenhower saw the need for expert S&T counsel, and he invited James Killian, then president of MIT, to Washington to serve as the head of the first President's Science Advisory Committee, an OSTP predecessor. Since then our Nation's Presidents have drawn on the expertise of our office for S&T policy advice, and I see this as a contribution that will continue to grow in value as the challenges we face become increasingly complex.

Within our agency, a small staff of professionals analyzes developments at the frontiers of scientific knowledge, and aids the President in shaping policy. OSTP also provides scientific and technical information and recommendations to the Vice President, the White House Offices, the Executive Branch Agencies, and to Congress.

A second responsibility of OSTP is to provide leadership and coordination across the Administration. OSTP plays this role for a range of Administration priorities, including national security and global stability, environment, science, and technology. The National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) has been an invaluable partner with OSTP in developing interagency evaluations and forging consensus on many crucial S&T issues.

OSTP Budget Request

I ask today for your continued support of OSTP's role in coordinating S&T policy for the Executive Branch and for our Nation at large. OSTP's budget request of $5,201,000 for FY 2000 represents an increase in budget authority of less than 3.5% and an increase of one in the FTE level from 39 in FY 1999 to 40 in FY 2000. This request will allow OSTP to fulfill its responsibilities in a White House that emphasizes the importance of science and technology in national and international affairs.

After freezing our requests at the FY 1996 enacted level for two consecutive years, this increase is essential to continue to provide quality support to the President and information to the Congress. Since personnel costs constitute the largest portion of OSTP's budget, our FY 2000 budget request reflects our commitment to operate more efficiently and cost-effectively without compromising the essential element of a top caliber science and technology agency -- high quality personnel.

National Science and Technology Council

To meet the Administration's priority S&T goals we must combine the efforts and the expertise of multiple agencies. OSTP personnel support the work of the NSTC, a Cabinet-level Council that sponsors interagency initiatives to advance key S&T objectives.

Our distributed system of research funding also places a premium on coordination between complementary agency programs. The NSTC, now in its fifth year, is improving such coordination.

NSTC membership includes Cabinet Secretaries, heads of science and technology agencies, and key White House officials with significant S&T responsibilities. In the process of generating specific budgetary and policy recommendations, NSTC routinely reaches beyond the federal government to seek input from a wide spectrum of stakeholders in the public and private sectors.

An important objective of the NSTC is to guide individual agency budget priorities for R&D and to orient the S&T spending of each Federal mission agency toward achieving national goals. To meet this objective, the NSTC has established five goal-oriented committees, each of which is chaired jointly by a senior agency official and an OSTP Associate Director. These standing committees, along with ad hoc working groups within the NSTC, provide an effective forum to resolve cross-cutting issues such as the future role of the U.S. national laboratories, or providing a program guide to federally funded environment and natural resources (see Appendix A for a full list of NSTC generated reports from 1998.)
 
 

The President's Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology

As Assistant to the President for Science and Technology, the Director of OSTP co-chairs the President's Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) with John Young, former President and CEO of Hewlett-Packard Co. The PCAST, which consists of distinguished individuals from industry, education, and research institutions, and other non-governmental organizations, serves as the highest level private sector advisory group for the President and the NSTC. (see Appendix B for a full list of PCAST generated reports from 1998.) President Clinton established the President's Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) at the same time that he established the NSTC to advise the President on matters involving S&T and to assist the NSTC in securing private sector involvement in its activities.

Mr. Chairman and Members of the Committee, I hope that this brief overview has conveyed to you the extent of this Administration's commitment to advancing S&T in the national interest. We are delighted that the fiscal discipline exercised over the past six years has put in reach the opportunity to place more emphasis on investments that can assure future economic progress, environmental protection, and other national priorities which depend so heavily on strong and sustained R&D.

Regardless of party affiliation, in the end we can all agree that investments in S&T are investments in our Nation's future. I look forward to achieving bipartisan support for a national S&T strategy that will combine the resources of industry, academia, non-profit organizations, and all levels of government to advance knowledge, promote education, strengthen institutions, and develop human potential.

I ask not only for your support for OSTP's Fiscal Year 2000 budget request, but also want you to know how much I appreciate the long-standing bipartisan support of the committee for OSTP and for the S&T research enterprise. I would be happy to answer any questions that you have.

Public/Private Partnerships: Implications for Innovation in Transportation, December 1998

In 1998 PCAST provided the following reports:

Teaming With Life: Investing in Science to Understand and Use America's Living Capital (June 1998). Over the last few decades, a new paradigm has emerged: Improving and protecting our environment is compatible with growing the nation=s economy. As part of this paradigm, we have come to recognize the essential linkage between the economy and the environment. We now understand that the sustained bounty of our nation=s lands and waters and of its native plant and animal communities is the natural capital on which our economy is founded. We also realize that a sound forward-looking economic strategy requires that we protect this natural capital, rather than damage it and then spend millions or billions of dollars attempting to recreate what nature has already given us. To protect our natural capital, our Nation=s biodiversity and the ecosystems within which it thrives, we need to have an extensive and frequently updated environmental knowledge base. This knowledge base is required to evaluate alternative plans for managing biodiversity and ecosystems as we work to optimize the union between the environment and the economy. The report offers strategies as to how to amplify our knowledge that will allow us to accomplish these goals.

Letter Report on R&D Partnerships, released March 6, 1998, reviewed the effectiveness of Federal technology partnership programs based on three studies and noted areas for improving programmatic effectiveness and efficiency.

Letter Report on Global Cooperation to Develop and Commercialize Energy Technologies to Meet the Global Challenge of Climate Change, released May 15, 1998. The report advised that the issues of climate change presents the United States and the world with one of the greatest challenges of the 21^st century. The report recommended development of a plan to address the challenge of global impact of human activities through technology and development of a global collaborative framework in greenhouse-gas reductions.

Letter Report on the Education Research Initiative, released June 8, 1998. The report advised that the quantity, quality, and organization of education research in this country need renewed attention. The report recommended that the FY 1999 spending constitute an initial investment in building the methodological human, and institutional resources that will move the United States to a $1.5 billion annual program of peer reviewed, politically independent, reliable, and cumulative research in education that draws on a broad base of expertise.

Letter Report on the FY 2000 Budget, released November 4, 1998. The report urges the President to strongly support a broad S&T portfolio in the FY 2000 budget. PCAST advised the President to continue to focus Federal resources on strengthening the U.S. research capacity through an approach such as the 21^st Century Research Fund and to broaden this concept to encompass the basic research programs of the DOD.

Mr. Chairman, Members of the Committee, I am pleased to appear before you today. My written testimony describes the Office of Science and Technology Policy's (OSTP) budget request for Fiscal Year 2000, and also provides highlights of the national science and technology enterprise during 1998 and the Administration's FY 2000 R&D Budget request, and I ask that it be included for the record.
 

As you know, OSTP plays a vital role in leveraging the government's science and technology investments for broad national goals. Support for such investments has traditionally been a matter of bipartisan agreement. It is imperative that we build common ground in support of a shared vision -- a commitment to keep America the world's leader in science and technology.

OSTP has four main functions:

We advise the President and other senior administration officials about the impacts of science and technology on public policy (and vice versa);
We coordinate the work of the R&D agencies to ensure we get the biggest bang for our science and technology bucks;
We promote strategic partnerships among science and technology stakeholders -- State and local government, industry, academia, and various international players; and
We report on what we've learned through all these efforts. Last year OSTP shepherded eleven multi-agency reports through the Nationsl Science and Technology Council, and seven reports and letter-reports through the President's Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology.
An example that provides a sense of the breadth of OSTP's influence is our work on the Administration's Initiative on Information Technology for the Twenty-First Century.

This initiative responds to a wake-up call from the Congressionally-chartered President's Information Technology Advisory Committee, or PITAC. OSTP was instrumental in getting the Committee established. We also worked closely with the Committee to make sure its work was useful to the federal agencies while also challenging those agencies to think outside of the box about their responsibilities and possibilities in information technology research.

Once we had the PITAC recommendations, OSTP pulled together the federal agencies to develop a response. We ultimately concluded that information technology is so important that we are proposing new Federal R&D investments of $366 million in FY2000 -- a 28% increase above and beyond our ongoing research programs. Out of this total Mr. Chairman, $184 million -- half of the initiative -- comes through your Subcommittee. To develop this initiative, we worked with the agencies to examine the existing information technology research programs to determine how we could leverage them to get the best returns from new investments responsive to the PITAC recommendations.

We decided to make these new investments in three major areas:

First, about two-thirds of the new funding ($228 million) will support long-term fundamental research aimed at fundamental advances in computing and communications.

The second element is $123 million to support advanced computing infrastructure as a tool to facilitate important scientific and engineering discoveries of national interest. The resulting supercomputing infrastructure will be orders of magnitude more powerful than that currently available to the civilian science community.
 

Third, $15 million in new funding will greatly expand research into social, economic, and workforce impacts of information technology, including transformation of social institutions, impact of legislation and regulation, electronic commerce, barriers to information technology diffusion, and effective use of technology in education. This element will emphasize finding ways to ensure that all Americans have the education they need to take advantage of large numbers of high-wage jobs created in the new economy.

One area that highlights the importance of these three areas is our ongoing work on the human genome. By providing fundamental advances in computing, the initiative will enable progression from sequencing of the human genome all the way to design of new drugs. It will also enhance our ability to address the important social issues that are raised by these breakthrough discoveries, such as genetic privacy.

Information technology is our largest R&D initiative for FY 2000, but OSTP also played a critical role in developing coordinated, interagency budgets and policies in the areas of the plant genome, food safety, emerging infectious disease, sustainable development, critical infrastructure protection, educational research, as well as others.

OSTP Budget Request

I ask today for your continued support of OSTP's role in coordinating S&T policy for the Executive Branch and for our Nation at large. OSTP's budget request of $5.2 million and 40 FTEs for FY2000 represents an increase in budget authority of less than 3.5 percent and an increase of one in the FTE level. These additional resources are essential to continue to provide the highest quality of work across our broad spectrum of responsibilities.
 
 

CONCLUSION

Mr. Chairman and Members of the Committee, I hope that this brief overview, combined with my written statement, has conveyed to you the extent of this Administration's commitment to advancing S&T in the national interest, and the importance of OSTP's role in that enterprise.

Regardless of party affiliation, in the end we can all agree that investments in S&T are investments in our Nation's future. I look forward to achieving bipartisan support for a national S&T strategy that will combine the resources of industry, academia, non-profit organizations, and all levels of government to advance knowledge, promote education, strengthen institutions, and develop human potential.

I ask not only for your support for OSTP's Fiscal Year 2000 budget request, but also want you to know how much I appreciate the long-standing bipartisan support of the committee for OSTP and for the S&T research enterprise. I would be happy to answer any questions that you have.

President and First Lady | Vice President and Mrs. Gore
Record of Progress | The Briefing Room
Gateway to Government | Contacting the White House
White House for Kids | White House History
White House Tours | Help | Text Only

Privacy Statement